The Federalist Papers

On Federalist No. 85: Concluding Remarks, a Reading Room essay

On Federalist No. 85: Concluding Remarks

Michael Fowler

Hamilton closes the series, gathering the argument and urging readers to weigh the plan whole rather than reject it for imperfections that amendment can later cure. A republic, he reminds...

On Federalist No. 85: Concluding Remarks

Michael Fowler

Hamilton closes the series, gathering the argument and urging readers to weigh the plan whole rather than reject it for imperfections that amendment can later cure. A republic, he reminds...

On Federalist No. 84: Certain General and Miscellaneous Objections to the Constitution Considered and Answered, a Reading Room essay

On Federalist No. 84: Certain General and Misce...

Michael Fowler

Hamilton confronts the most famous objection, the lack of a bill of rights, arguing that the Constitution is itself a charter of liberties and that enumerating some rights could endanger...

On Federalist No. 84: Certain General and Misce...

Michael Fowler

Hamilton confronts the most famous objection, the lack of a bill of rights, arguing that the Constitution is itself a charter of liberties and that enumerating some rights could endanger...

On Federalist No. 83: The Judiciary Continued in Relation to Trial by Jury, a Reading Room essay

On Federalist No. 83: The Judiciary Continued i...

Michael Fowler

Hamilton takes up the absence of a guaranteed civil jury and answers the alarm it caused. Silence is not prohibition, he argues, and the matter is better left to legislative...

On Federalist No. 83: The Judiciary Continued i...

Michael Fowler

Hamilton takes up the absence of a guaranteed civil jury and answers the alarm it caused. Silence is not prohibition, he argues, and the matter is better left to legislative...

On Federalist No. 82: The Judiciary Continued, a Reading Room essay

On Federalist No. 82: The Judiciary Continued

Michael Fowler

Hamilton addresses how state and federal courts will share the work, arguing the two systems can operate together without confusion. State courts retain a real role, and appeals provide the...

On Federalist No. 82: The Judiciary Continued

Michael Fowler

Hamilton addresses how state and federal courts will share the work, arguing the two systems can operate together without confusion. State courts retain a real role, and appeals provide the...

On Federalist No. 81: The Judiciary Continued, and the Distribution of the Judicial Authority, a Reading Room essay

On Federalist No. 81: The Judiciary Continued, ...

Michael Fowler

Hamilton explains the structure of the federal courts and answers fears that the Supreme Court would override the legislature at will. Judicial review, he argues, guards the Constitution itself and...

On Federalist No. 81: The Judiciary Continued, ...

Michael Fowler

Hamilton explains the structure of the federal courts and answers fears that the Supreme Court would override the legislature at will. Judicial review, he argues, guards the Constitution itself and...

On Federalist No. 80: The Powers of the Judiciary, a Reading Room essay

On Federalist No. 80: The Powers of the Judiciary

Michael Fowler

Hamilton sets out the proper reach of federal courts, matching their jurisdiction to the cases a national government must be able to decide. The scope, he argues, follows from the...

On Federalist No. 80: The Powers of the Judiciary

Michael Fowler

Hamilton sets out the proper reach of federal courts, matching their jurisdiction to the cases a national government must be able to decide. The scope, he argues, follows from the...