The Reading Room

If you read

On Tyranny

On Tyranny is short by design, twenty lessons to keep in a pocket. If it left you wanting the fuller argument, here is the shelf behind it: the historians and theorists who studied how free societies decay, set beside the canonical works on how republics have failed before. Snyder gave you the field manual. These are the books it was distilled from.

Read these

  • On Freedom

    The affirmative sequel to On Tyranny: not what to resist, but what to build. Snyder argues that freedom is not merely the absence of interference but...

  • Twilight of Democracy

    Why intellectuals and elites, the people who should know better, turn toward authoritarianism. Applebaum writes partly from personal knowledge, having watched friends across Europe and America...

  • Strongmen: Mussolini to the Present

    How authoritarian leaders rise, rule, and fall, traced across a century and many countries by a historian of fascism. Ben-Ghiat anatomizes the strongman's toolkit, the propaganda,...

  • How Democracies Die

    The comparative study of democratic backsliding, and the moment it described has not passed. Levitsky and Ziblatt show that democracies now more often erode from within,...

  • The Origins of Totalitarianism

    How free societies fail, written by someone who escaped the failure and then spent her life explaining it. Arendt traces the path from isolation and loneliness...

  • The Paranoid Style in American Politics

    An essay published in 1964 that explains nearly every decade since. Hofstadter named the recurring American temper of conspiracy and apocalypse, the conviction that hidden enemies...

  • How Civil Wars Start

    The political scientist's data-driven warning. Drawing on decades of comparative research and her service on a government task force that predicted instability abroad, Walter lays out...

  • Field Notes on the Republic

    The Reading Room in motion. A fresh essay every morning on the republic, its arguments, and its history, the same long view as the shelf, written...